海关总署


中华人民共和国海关法行政处罚实施细则(附英文)
海关总署


（1987年6月30日国务院批准）

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了实施《中华人民共和国海关法》（以下简称《海关法》）关于法律责任的规定，根据《海关法》第六十条制定本实施细则。
第二条 不构成走私罪的走私行为，构成走私罪但依法免予起诉或者免除刑罚的行为，以及违反海关监管规定的行为的处理，适用本实施细则。

第二章 走私行为及处罚
第三条 有下列行为之一的，是走私行为：
（一）未经国务院或者国务院授权的机关批准，从未设立海关的地点运输、携带国家禁止进出境的物品、国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品进出境的；
（二）经过设立海关的地点，以藏匿、伪装、瞒报、伪报或者其他手法逃避海关监管，运输、携带、邮寄国家禁止进出境的物品、国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品进出境的；
（三）未经海关许可并补缴关税，擅自出售特准进口的保税货物、其他海关监管货物或者进境的境外运输工具的；
（四）未经海关许可并补缴关税，擅自出售特定减税或者免税进口用于特定企业、特定用途的货物，或者将特定减免税进口用于特定地区的货物擅自运往境内其他地区的。
第四条 有下列行为之一的，按走私行为论处：
（一）直接向走私人非法收购走私进口的货物、物品的；
（二）在内海、领海运输、收购、贩卖国家禁止进出境的物品的，或者运输、收购、贩卖国家限制进出口的货物、物品，没有合法证明的。
第五条 有本实施细则第三条、第四条所列行为之一的，按照下列规定处罚：
（一）走私国家禁止进出境的物品的，没收走私物品和违法所得，可以并处人民币五万元以下的罚款；
（二）走私国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品的，没收走私货物、物品和违法所得，可以并处走私货物、物品等值以下或者应缴税款三倍以下的罚款；
（三）专门用于掩护走私的货物、物品，应当没收；藏匿走私货物、物品的特制设备，应当没收或者责令拆毁。
走私货物、物品无法没收时，应当追缴走私货物、物品的等值价款。
第六条 对两人或者两人以上共同所为的走私行为，应当区别情节及责任，分别给予处罚。
知情不报并为走私人提供方便的，没收违法所得，可以并处违法所得两倍以下的罚款；没有违法所得的，处人民币五千元以下的罚款。
第七条 为走私准备工具、制造条件的，比照本实施细则第五条的规定从轻处罚。
第八条 有下列情形之一的，可以从轻或者免予处罚：
（一）走私情节轻微的；
（二）当事人主动交待、检举立功的；
（三）走私行为在三年以后发现的。
前款第（三）项规定的期限，从走私行为发生之日起计算；走私行为是连续状态的，从最后一次走私行为发生之日起计算。

第三章 违反海关监管规定的行为及处罚
第九条 违反海关法规但不构成走私行为的，是违反海关监管规定的行为。
第十条 违反国家进出口管理法规，没有领取许可证件擅自进出口货物的，没收货物或者责令退运；经发证机关核准补发许可证件的，处货物等值以下的罚款。
第十一条 有下列行为之一的，处货物、物品等值以下或者应缴税款两倍以下的罚款：
（一）逃避海关监管，运输、携带、邮寄货物、物品进出境，但有关货物、物品不属于国家禁止进出境的物品、国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品的；
（二）未经海关许可，擅自开拆、提取、交付、发运、调换、改装、抵押、转让海关监管货物或者海关尚未放行的进出境物品的；
（三）经营保税货物的运输、储存、加工、装配、寄售业务，有关记录不真实或者数量短少不能提供正当理由的；
（四）未经海关许可，将特定减税或者免税进口的货物、物品移作他用的；
（五）进出境货物申报不实的；
（六）不按照规定期限将暂时进出口货物复运出境或者复运进境，擅自留在境内或者境外的；
（七）不按照规定期限将过境、转运、通运货物运输出境，擅自留在境内的；
（八）未经海关批准并补缴关税，擅自转让进出境运输工具的自用物料、物品的。
第十二条 有下列行为之一的，处人民币五万元以下的罚款：
（一）未经国务院或者国务院授权的机关批准，运输工具不经设立海关的地点进出境的；
（二）在海关监管区停留的进出境运输工具，未经海关同意擅自驶离的；
（三）进出境运输工具从一个设立海关的地点驶往另一个设立海关的地点，尚未办结海关手续又未经海关批准，中途改驶境外或者境内未设立海关的地点的。
第十三条 有下列行为之一的，处人民币三万元以下的罚款：
（一）进出境运输工具到达或者驶离设立海关的地点，未按照规定向海关交验有关单证或者交验的单证不真实的；
（二）不按照规定接受海关对进出境运输工具、货物、物品进行检查、查验的；
（三）进出境运输工具未经海关同意，擅自装卸进出境货物、物品或者上下进出境旅客的；
（四）进出境运输工具未经海关同意，擅自兼营境内客货运输或者用于进出境运输以外的其他用途的；
（五）进出境运输工具未按照规定办理海关手续，擅自改营境内运输的；
（六）经营保税货物的储存、加工、装配、寄售业务，不按照规定办理收存、交付、核销手续，或者中止、延长、转让有关合同不按照规定向海关办理手续的；
（七）在海关监管区以外存放海关监管货物，未经海关同意或者不接受海关监管的；
（八）擅自开启或者损毁海关加施于运输工具、仓库场所或者货物的封志的。
第十四条 有下列行为之一的，处人民币两万元以下的罚款：
（一）进境运输工具在进境以后向海关申报以前，出境运输工具在办结海关手续以后出境以前，不按照交通主管机关或者海关指定的路线行进的；
（二）载运海关监管货物的进出境船舶、汽车不按照海关指定的路线行进的；
（三）进出境船舶和航空器，由于不可抗力被迫在未设立海关的地点停泊、降落，以及抛掷或者起卸货物、物品，不向附近海关报告而无正当理由的。
第十五条 有下列行为之一的，责令补税或者将有关物品退运，可以并处物品等值以下的罚款：
（一）个人携带、邮寄超过海关规定数量但数额较小仍属自用的物品进出境，未向海关申报的；
（二）个人携带、邮寄物品进出境，向海关申报不实，或者不接受海关查验的；
（三）经海关登记准予暂时免税进境或者出境的物品，未按规定复带出境或者复带进境的；
（四）未经海关批准，过境人员将其所带物品留在境内的。
第十六条 有下列行为之一的，处人民币一千元以下的罚款：
（一）无特殊原因，未将进出境船舶、火车、航空器到达的时间、停留的地点或者更换的时间、地点事先通知海关的；
（二）擅自开启、损毁海关加施于物品的封志的；
（三）违反海关法规，致使海关不能或者中断对进出境运输工具、货物、物品实施监管的。
第十七条 携带、邮寄国家禁止进出境的物品进出境，在海关检查以前主动报明的，分别按规定予以没收或者责令退回，并可酌情处以罚款。
第十八条 违反海关监管规定情节轻微，或者当事人主动交待的，可以从轻或者免予处罚。
违反海关监管规定的行为在三年以后发现的，免予处罚。

第四章 走私行为及违反海关监管规定行为的处理
第十九条 走私行为、违反海关监管规定行为的处理，由海关关长决定。
第二十条 海关扣留货物、物品或者运输工具，应当发给扣留凭单。
扣留凭单的格式，由海关总署统一制定。
第二十一条 对于无法或者不便扣留的货物、物品或者运输工具，海关可以向当事人或者运输工具负责人收取等值的保证金或者抵押物。
第二十二条 依法扣留的货物、物品和运输工具，在人民法院判决或者海关处罚决定生效之前，不得处理。但是对于鲜活、易腐或者易失效的货物、物品，可以先行变卖，价款由海关保存，并通知其所有人。
第二十三条 经海关查明，确属来源于走私行为非法取得的存款、汇款，海关可以书面通知银行或者邮局暂停支付，同时通知存款人或者汇款人。暂停支付的期限不得超过三个月。海关作出的处罚决定生效后，有关款项由海关依照《海关法》和本实施细则的规定处理。
第二十四条 企业事业单位、国家机关、社会团体违反海关法规，除处罚该单位外，海关还可以对其主管人员和直接责任人员分别处以人民币一千元以下的罚款。
第二十五条 企业事业单位、国家机关、社会团体违反《海关法》，海关可以视情节暂时停止给予特定减免税优惠，暂时取消其报关资格，或者吊销有关当事人的报关员证书。
第二十六条 对于走私行为、违反海关监管规定行为的处罚，海关应当向当事人送达处罚通知书。
当事人对海关的处罚决定不服的，可以自处罚通知书送达之日起三十日内，向作出处罚决定的海关或者上一级海关书面申请复议；有关海关应当在收到复议申请书后的九十日内作出复议决定，并制发复议决定书送达当事人。当事人对复议决定仍然不服的，可以自复议决定书送达之日起
三十日内，向人民法院起诉。
当事人也可以自处罚通知书送达之日起三十日内，直接向人民法院起诉。当事人选择直接向人民法院起诉的，不得向海关申请复议。
海关处罚通知书和复议决定书的格式，由海关总署统一制定。
第二十七条 海关送达处罚通知书和复议决定书，可以直接送交当事人签收；也可以邮寄送达，以挂号回执上注明的收件日期为送达日期。无法送达的应当公告；公告即视为送达。
第二十八条 当事人在规定期限内未提出复议申请或者起诉的，处罚即为生效。
罚款、违法所得和依法追缴的走私货物、物品或者运输工具的等值价款，应当在海关处罚决定指定的期限内缴清。
第二十九条 受海关处罚的当事人在境内没有永久住所的，应当在离境前缴清罚款、违法所得和依法追缴的货物、物品或者运输工具的等值价款。当事人对海关的处罚决定不服或者在离境前不能缴清上述款项的，应当交付相当于上述款项的保证金、抵押物，或者提供海关认可的其他保
证。
当事人如期履行海关的处罚决定后，海关应当及时发还其交付的保证金、抵押物，其他保证立即终止。
第三十条 当事人逾期不履行海关的处罚决定又不申请复议或者起诉的，作出处罚决定的海关可以将其保证金没收，或者将其被扣留、抵押的货物、物品、运输工具变价抵缴，也可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第三十一条 依照本实施细则处以罚款但不没收进出境货物、物品、运输工具的，不免除当事人依法缴纳关税、办理有关海关手续的义务。

第五章 附 则
第三十二条 海关工作人员滥用职权、故意刁难、拖延监管、查验的，依照国务院关于国家机关工作人员奖惩规定给予行政处分；徇私舞弊、玩忽职守或者放纵走私的，根据情节轻重，依照国务院关于国家机关工作人员奖惩规定给予行政处分或者依照法律规定追究刑事责任。
第三十三条 本实施细则下列用语的含义是：
“物品”，包括货币、金银、有价证券等在内。
“等值”，均以当时当地国营市场零售价格为准；上述价格不能确定时，由海关估定。

“以下”、“以内”，均包括本数在内。
第三十四条 国家限制进出口货物的品名，由国务院主管部门公布。
国家禁止进出境物品的品名由海关总署根据《海关法》和其他有关法律、法规，会同国务院有关主管部门确定，由海关总署公布。
国家限制进出境物品的品名，由海关总署公布。
第三十五条 本实施细则由海关总署负责解释。
第三十六条 本实施细则自1987年7月1日起施行。


　　The Rules of Administrative Penalties for the Implementation ofthe Customs Law of the Peoples Republic of China（Promulgated by the Customs General Administration on July 1,1987）Whole Doc.

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1

　　Pursuant to Article 60 of the Customs Law the Rules are formulated with a view to implementing the provisions on legal liabilities of the Custom Law of the Peoples Republic of China（hereinafter referred to as the Customs Law）.

　　Article 2

　　The Rules shall be applicable to the smuggling act which does not constitute smuggling crime, to the act of smuggling crime exempted from prosecution and criminal penalties and to handling of acts in violation of the Customs supervision and control.

　　Chapter II Act of Smuggling and Punishment

　　Article 3

　　Any of the following acts constitutes an act of smuggling:

　　（1） To transport, carry articles prohibited by the State into or out of the Chinese territory at places without Customs, goods and articles restricted by the State in import and export and goods and articles subject to the Customs duty in accordance with the law without the prior approval by the State Council or the Authority empowered by the State Council.

　　（2） To transport, carry or mail at places with Customs imports and exports prohibited, imports and exports restricted and dutiable goods and articles specified by the State into and out of the territory for the purpose of escaping from the Customs supervision and control by means of concealing, falsifying, deceiving, forging or other means.

　　（3） To sell bonded goods imported under special permission and other goods under the Customs supervision and control or foreign means of transport already within the territory without permission by the Customs and payment of the Customs duty.

　　（4） To sell duty-reduced or duty-exempted goods imported under special permission for specific enterprise and specific use, or to transfer the duty-reduced or duty-exempted goods imported under special permission for a specific area to other areas within the territory without permission by the Customs and payment of the Custom duty.

　　Article 4

　　Any of the following acts shall be delt with as smuggling:

　　（1） To illegally purchase the imported smuggled goods and articles directly from the smuggler.

　　（2） To transport, purchase and sell articles prohibited by the State into or out of the territory, or transport, purchase or sell goods and articles restricted by the State in import and export without lawful certificates at Chinas inland territorial waters and territorial waters.

　　Article 5

　　Punishment shall be made in accordance with the following provisions in the case of any of the acts listed in Article 3 and Article 4 of the Rules:

　　（1） Articles which are prohibited into and out of the territory by the State shall be confiscated as well as the illegal incomes and a penalty of less than RMB 50,000 may be imposed in addition in the case of smuggling of such articles.

　　（2） The smuggled goods and articles restricted by the State in import and export or goods and articles subjected to the Customs duty under the law and illegal incomes shall be confiscated and a penalty of less than the value of the smuggled goods and articles or less than three times of the Customs duty payable may be in addition imposed.

　　（3） Goods and articles used for the purpose to cover up smuggled goods and articles shall be confiscated, and specially designed instruments for concealing smuggled goods and articles shall be confiscated or dismantled by order.

　　In case the smuggled goods and articles are beyond the possibility of confiscation, a sum of money equal to the value of smuggled goods and articles shall be collected.

　　Article 6

　　Smuggling acts committed jointly by two or more persons shall be subject to the approach that the two persons are punished separately according to the seriousness and responsibility of each case.

　　Those who conceal what they know of the case and facilitate smugglers shall be punished by confiscating illegal incomes. In the absence of illegal incomes, a penalty of less than RMB 5,000 shall be imposed.

　　Article 7

　　Those preparing tools and creating conditions for smuggling shall be in lenient manner subject to punishment provided in Article 5 of the Rules.

　　Article 8

　　Any of the following acts shall be put to punishment in lenient manner or exemption from punishment:

　　（1） Slight smuggling；

　　（2） The party concerned has confessed its illegal act on his own initiative and informed against offenders and make contributions；

　　（3） The smuggling act is discovered three years later；

　　The duration provided in above（3） shall be calculated as from the day when the smuggling act is committed. In case the act is successive, the duration shall be calculated as from the day when the last smuggling act is committed.

　　Chapter III Punishment and Acts in Violation of the Provisions Regarding the Customs Supervision and Control

　　Article 9

　　Acts in violation of the Customs law and regulations which do not constitute smuggling are acts in violation of the Provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control.

　　Article 10

　　Goods imported or exported without any licence and in violation of laws and regulations in relation to the import and export administration shall be confiscated or transported back by order. In the event that the license is issued afterwards which the examination by the license administration authorities, a penalty of less than the value of the goods shall be imposed.

　　Article 11

　　Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than the value of the goods and articles or less than two times of the Customs duty payable:

　　（1） To evade the Customs supervision and control and to transport, carry or mail into or out of the territory the goods and articles which do not belong to articles prohibited into or out of the territory or goods and articles restricted in import and export or those goods and articles subject to the Customs duty under the Customs Law.

　　（2） To open, pick up, deliver, forward, replace, repackage, mortgage or transfer the goods under the Customs supervision and control or the articles which have not been released into and out of the territory by the Customs without the prior approval by the Customs.

　　（3） In handling the transport, storage, processing, assembling and consigning of the bonded goods, failing to provide authentic records or appropriate reasons for the short in quantity.

　　（4） To shift the specific imported goods with duty reduction or exemption for other uses without the prior approval by the Customs.

　　（5） To intentionally misdeclare the goods when entering or leaving the territory.

　　（6） To fail to re-import or re-export the goods which are temporarily exported or imported within the stipulated period of time and instead to acquire the goods inside or outside the territory without permission.

　　（7） To fail to transport the transit goods, transshipment goods or through goods out of the territory within the stipulated period of time and instead to acquire the goods presumptuously inside the territory without permission.

　　（8） To transfer presumptuously the self-use materials and articles for inward and outward means of transport without the prior approval by the Customs and payment of the Customs duty.

　　Article 12

　　Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than RMB 50,000:

　　（1） The means of transport fail to enter or leave the territory at places with the Customs and without the prior approval by the State Council or approval by the Authorities empowered by the State Council.

　　（2） The inward and outward means of transport in the　"Customs Surveillance Zone" leaves without the prior permission by the Customs.

　　（3） The inward and outward means of transport which goes from one place with Customs to another place with Customs divert halfway to places inside or outside the territory without Customs before the completion of Customs procedures and without the prior approval by the Customs.

　　Article 13

　　Any of the following acts imposed a penalty of less than RMB 30,000:

　　（1） Failure to provide the relevant documents to the Customs for examination in accordance with provisions or the documents provided for examination are not authentic when the inward and outward means of transport arrive at or leave the place with the Customs；

　　（2） To refuse to accept the inspection and examination by the Customs in accordance with the provisions over the inward and outward means of transport and the goods and articles；

　　（3） The inward and outward means of transport load or unload presumptuously the imported and exported goods and articles or passengers entering or leaving the territory without the prior permission by the Customs；

　　（4） The inward and outward means of transport conduct presumptuously domestic goods or passenger transportation business or are used for the purpose other than the transportation entering or leaving the territory without the prior permission by the Customs；

　　（5） The inward and outward means of transport divert to conduct presumptuously transportation business in the territory without going through Customs procedures in accordance with the provisions；

　　（6） In handling the storage, assembling, processing, consigning of the bonded goods, failure to go through receiving, delivery, or canceling procedures in accordance with the provisions, or failure to go through Customs procedures in accordance with the provisions upon suspension, extension, and assignment of relevant contracts；

　　（7） To deposit the goods subject to the Customs supervision and control outside the　"Customs Surveillance Zone" without the prior permission by the Customs or reject the Customs supervision and control；

　　（8） To open presumptuously or damage the Customs seals attached by the customs on the means of transport, warehouses and goods.

　　Article 14

　　Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than RMB 20,000:

　　（1） Failure to go along the route designated by the competent transportation administration authorities or the Customs during the time after the inward means of transport have entered the territory but before declaring to the Customs or during the time after the outward means of transport have completed Customs procedures but before leaving the territory.

　　（2） The inward and outward vessels, vehicles carry the goods subject to the Customs supervision and control do not go along the route designated by the Customs.

　　（3） Failure to report to the Customs without appropriated reasons when the inward and outward vessels and aircraft have to berth, land and throw or unload the goods and articles at the places without Customs due to force majeure.

　　Article 15

　　Any of the following acts shall be ordered to pay the Customs duty or re-transport the relevant articles and may be imposed in addition a penalty of less than the value of the articles:

　　（1） Non-declaration of the self-use articles exceeding the limit stipulated by the Customs in small amount carried or posted personally into or out of the territory；

　　（2） False declaration or rejection of the Customs examination over the articles personally carried or posted into or out of the territory.

　　（3） Failure to re-carry the articles registered and admitted into or out of the territory by the Customs and temporarily exempted from the Customs duty out of or into the territory；

　　（4） Maintaining inside the territory the articles carried into the territory by transit passengers without the prior approval by the Customs；

　　Article 16

　　Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than RMB 1,000:

　　（1） To fail to notify the Customs in advance of the time of arrival, the place to stop or the transit and the place thereof of the inward and outward vessels, trains and aircraft without special reasons；

　　（2） To open or damage the Customs seals attached by the Customs on the articles without permission；

　　（3） To violate the Customs laws and regulations which makes it impossible or suspended that the Customs supervise and control over the inward and outward means of transport, goods and articles.

　　Article 17

　　Personally carried or posted articles prohibited into or out of the territory by the State, but declared to the Customs before the Customs inspection shall be confiscated or delivered back by order in accordance with the provisions and a penalty may be imposed according to the seriousness of each case.

　　Article 18

　　Punishment in lenient manner or exemption from punishment shall be accorded in the case of slight violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control or of voluntary confession.

　　Exemption from punishment shall be accorded when act in violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control is discovered three years later.

　　Chapter IV Disposal of Smuggling Act and Act in Violation of the Provisions Regarding the Customs Supervision and Control

　　Article 19

　　The disposal of the smuggling act and act in violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control shall be decided by the director of the Customs House.

　　Article 20

　　Certificates of detainment shall be issued by the Customs for the detainment of goods and articles or means of transport.

　　The standard form of the certificates of detainment shall be compiled by the Customs General Administration.

　　Article 21

　　Customs may collect bond or mortgage equal to the value of the goods and articles or means of transport which are impossible or inconvenient to be detained from the party or the person in charge of the means of transport.

　　Article 22

　　The goods and articles or means of transport under detainment in accordance with the provisions shall be disposed before the court award is made or the punishment decision by the Customs enters into force. But the goods and articles which are fresh, living, perishable or liable to loosing effect may be sold before the court award or the punishment decision is made. The proceeds shall be deposited in the Customs and the owner shall be notified.

　　Article 23

　　In the case of deposit or remittance illegally obtained from smuggling acts as confirmed by the Customs through investigation, the Customs may notify, in writings, the bank or the post office to suspend the payment and notify at the same time the depositor or the remitter. The period of such suspension of payment shall not exceed 3 months. After the penalty imposed by the Customs enters into force, the sum of money concerned shall be disposed by the Customs in accordance with the Customs Law and the Rules.

　　Article 24

　　In the case of violation of the Customs Law by enterprises, institutions, governmental departments or social organizations, Customs may impose a penalty of less than RMB 1,000 on the persons in charge or directly liable in addition to the punishment on the entities.

　　Article 25

　　In the case of violation of the Customs Law by enterprises, institutions governmental departments or social organizations, Customs may, in the light of the seriousness of the case, suspend the preferential treatments of tax reduction and exemption and nullify temporarily the capacity of declaration to the Customs or revoke the certificate of declaration held by the person concerned.

　　Article 26

　　Punishment notification shall be delivered to the party in respect of the punishment for violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control and for the act of smuggling.

　　The party disobedient to the punishment decision made by the Customs may apply in writing for reconsideration to the Customs House which made the punishment decision or to the higher level of the Customs House within 30 days after the receipt of the punishment notification. The Customs House in charge shall make a reconsideration decision within 90 days after the receipt of application and make available the reconsideration decision to the party.

　　The party disobedient to the reconsideration decision may sue to the court within 30 days after the receipt of letters of such decision.

　　The party may also directly sue to the peoples court within 30 days after the receipt of the punishment notification. In the case of direct lawsuit to the peoples court, the party shall not apply to the Customs for the reconsideration.

　　The standard form of punishment notification and the reconsideration decision letters shall be compiled by the Customs General Administration.

　　Article 27

　　The Customs may deliver the punishment notification or letters of the reconsideration decision directly to and for receipt signed by the party, or by mail with the date on the registered note of receipt as the date of service. Proclamation shall be made in the case of impossibility of delivery and shall be regarded as service.

　　Article 28

　　The punishment decision letter shall enter into force where the party has not applied for the reconsideration or sued to the court within the stipulated period of time.

　　Penalties, illegal incomes and a sum of money equal to the value of the smuggled goods and articles of means of transport recovered in accordance with the law shall be paid within the period of time stipulated by the Customs punishment decision.

　　Article 29

　　In case that the party do not have permanent residence in the territory, payment shall be made in respect of the penalties, illegal incomes and the sum of money equal to the value of the smuggled goods and articles and means of transport recovered in accordance with the law before he leaves the territory In case that the party is disobedient to the punishment or can not pay the sum before he leaves the territory, a bond or mortgage equal in value to the above mentioned sum or other securities approved by the Customs shall be provided.

　　In case the performance of the punishment decision made by the Customs within the period of time, the Customs shall immediately return the bonds, mortgages handed in to the party and other securities shall immediately terminate.

　　Article 30

　　In the case of non-performance of the Customs Punishment and in the absence of application for reconsideration or lawsuit by the party after the stipulated period of time, the Customs which made the punishment decision may confiscate the bonds or sell the goods and articles or means of transport under detainment or on mortgage as the punishment, and the Customs may also apply to the peoples court for enforcement.

　　Article 31

　　The party shall not be exempted from payment of the Customs duty and completion of the Customs procedures where penalty is imposed in accordance with the Rules but the goods and articles or means of transport are not confiscated.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 32

　　In the case of abuse of powers and intentional delay in the inspection or supervision or control, the Customs personnel shall be subject to administrative punishment in accordance with the provisions regarding the rewards and penalties to governmental personnel stipulated by the State Council. In the case of bribery or dereliction of duty or indulgence of smuggling, administrative punishment shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions regarding rewards and penalties to governmental personnel stipulated by the State Council or legal proceeding shall be persuade for criminal offence in accordance with the law and regulations.

　　Article 33

　　Terms used in the Rules are defined as follows:

　　The term"articles" shall include currencies, gold and silver and securities.

　　The term"equal in value" shall be determined according to current retail price in local state-owned market.

　　In case the above price can not be determined, the Customs valuation shall be required.

　　"include" and"less than" shall include the principal figure.

　　Article 34

　　The name-list of the goods restricted in import and export by the State shall be promulgated by the competent authorities in charge under the State Council.

　　The name-list of the articles prohibited into or out of the territory by the State shall be determined by the Customs General Administration in accordance with the Customs Law and the relevant laws and regulations in association with the competent departments in charge under the State Council and promulgated by the Customs General Administration.

　　The name-list of the articles restricted into and out of the territory by the State shall be promulgated by the Customs General Administration.

　　Article 35

　　The authority of interpretation of the Rules resides in the Customs General Administration of the PRC.

　　Article 36

　　The Rules shall enter into force on the date of July 1, 1987.



如何成为法庭上的常胜将军

王思鲁
　　主讲人：王思鲁，中山大学法学硕士，广东环球经纬律师事务所合伙人、金牙大状律师网（www.jylawyer.com）首席律师 　

　　主持人：陈孟军，中山大学法学硕士，广东环球经纬律师事务所合伙人、资深律师　

　　主持人：今天很高兴邀请到 “金牙大状”王思鲁律师为我们做一个非常精彩的演讲。王律师是中山大学的硕士研究生，曾师从法学名家王仲兴教授。王律师在律师界具有相当高的知名度，在他过往的执业生涯中，曾经打过许多非常有名而且非常精彩的经典案例。王律师在法庭之上，包括在演讲的时候所表现出来的感染力与号召力都是十分强的。因此，今天十分荣幸，能够邀请到王律师与我们具体分享“如何成为法庭上常胜将军”的一些切身体会。下面我们以热烈的掌声欢迎王律师为我们做精彩的演讲。　

　　正文：　

　　我们大家还是聊聊天吧，今天我来这里也并非想开展什么演讲、讲座。这次的主题是“如何成为法庭上的常胜将军”，今天我打算大幅度缩短我在讲台之上“一言堂”的演讲时间，我希望在我讲完之后大家可以互动，就是大家有什么问题都可以当场提出来。　

　　一、今天的主题核心：在现实中国中，能否通过、如何通过正常的、合法的途径赢取胜诉　

　　今天的主题是“如何成为法庭上的常胜将军”，也就是如何在中国的法庭之上赢取胜诉。今天这个专题的内容全部都是我们在平时工作当中的一些体会，是很难在书本之上找到的，并且，今天所讲的内容恐怕很难形成文字，因为当中许多内容“只可意会不可言传”，想用语言完全表达出来，也有一定难度。因此，我认为大家没有必要就我所讲的内容做笔记。　

　　其实，就我自身而言，有一个习惯，就是在不在法庭之上做笔记。我还有一个观点：就是在法庭之上做笔记的律师不会是一个好的律师，顶多只能算是一个规范的律师。最高水平的律师与最低水平的律师都具有一个特点——就是不做笔记。为什么呢？因为优秀的律师在庭前已经做好了充分的，而法庭之上瞬息万变，这种情况是对律师应变能力的一种考验。如果律师在庭上做笔记，这意味着什么呢？这说明这个律师在庭前并没有吃透案情。举一个简单的例子，若你在求医的时候，医生当着你的面翻书，你是否还信任这位医生呢？　

　　而且，正如我刚才所说，今天我所讲的内容是在书本之上寻找不到的，因此，我觉得在这种交流的过程中，大家没有必要做笔记。一方面，做笔记会影响大家听的效果；另一方面，今天演讲的内容我们也会形成文字并在网站上公布。其实，做笔记用处不大，关键在于领会当中的精髓，也只有如此，才能对自身有所帮助。　

　　“如何成为法庭上的常胜将军”，对此，首先我的感受是，现实中，在法庭之上取得胜诉的手段是“千姿百态”的，而通过正常、合法的手段来赢取胜诉也是可以实现。但是，就目前中国的情况而言，有一点是可以肯定的，就是不少官司都是通过非正常的手段来打赢的，就此问题，稍后我会有所介绍。而除此之外，也有相当一部分官司并非是由于律师的缘故而胜诉的。其实，法官是懂法的，在一些案件中，即便没有律师，法官也可以凭借自身具备的法律职业技能作出准确的判断。　

　　但是，不可否认，仍然有一部分的官司，当事人是通过律师的努力而实现胜诉的目的的，即通过正常的努力、专业的努力来获取胜诉。我今天主要谈的便是这个问题，并且，对于年青律师来讲，通过经典辩例打造品牌，即通过正常的途径提高自身的专业技能，提高自身的沟通技巧，同样可以实现胜诉的目的。凭借自身的努力，无疑可以书写灿烂的职业生涯，而且，也只有这样做，才能符合我们国家法治进程的潮流。在国外，则更是如此，即很多律师就是通过展现自身的专业水平来实现胜诉的目的，从而打响自己的名声，继而吸纳并扩大案源。　

　　二、中国律师是如何打赢官司的——就这方面司法现状的全景扫描　

　　前述所讲内容仅是为了肯定一点——通过正常途径也是可以实现胜诉目的的。但是，我认为，仍有必要就我国律师赢取胜诉的手段与情况做一个全面、客观的陈述。　

　　在我们的国家，存在着这样一个事实，如前所述，即很多官司均是通过非正常手段来赢取胜诉的。在两可的案件中，也就是法官既可判你方输也可判你方赢的案件，如果没有进行“非正常的沟通”，那么，在此种情况下，法官判决你方败诉的可能性是相当大的。因为，我们的国家还称不上是一个“法治国家”。而正是这个原因，许多人通过非正常的手段来实现胜诉的目的。　

　　除此之外，还有一种情况，即你方没有理由，包括没有任何理由以及理由十分牵强两种情况，在此种情况下，借助非正常的手段实现胜诉的目的也是常有的。　

　　以上所讲的两可案件以及没有理由的案件中，通过非正常手段实现胜诉，这种情况是存在的，但是，这是我们国家的“特殊国情”所决定的，而时下也有不少律师顺着我们的“国情”走。我粗略做了一个估计，除了法院作出正常判决的情况以外，律师通过非正常手段来左右判决结果的，这种情况所占比例相当之高。但是，我并不赞同大家走这条路。为什么不赞同呢？这里有两个原因。　

　　首先，通过正常途径同样可以实现胜诉的目的。其次，若以非正常手段影响法官判决，那么，此时的律师已经沦为一种没有人格的工作。在这种情况下，律师不会尊重法官，法官也不会尊重律师，此时律师与法官的关系仅仅是一种赤裸裸的交易关系，一种嫖客与妓女的关系。律师与法官在这种情况下不存在一种专业上的认同。而且，基于自身的执业经历，我有这么一种感悟，即“夜路”走多了，人也会变得麻木。若你行贿已成习惯并习以为常，那么，你将会面临十分巨大的风险。　

　　目前我们国家正处于改革阶段，而在这个阶段里，很多东西都是“乱套”的，但是，对这种违法乱纪行为的打击力度也是挺大的。也就是说，转轨阶段的中国是“带血的玫瑰”。在这种情况下，如果你走“非正常”这条路，你不知道何时、何事会“东窗事发”，并且，这种从事“勾当”还会损害你的人格。在这种情况下，与其选择从事律师行业，不如下海经商。为什么呢？就我个人认为，从事律师这一工作，金钱固然重要，但是，更加重要的是精神的追求与人格的独立。　

　　在我们的观察中，仅有较小比例的一部分案件是通过正常的途径实现胜诉的，这是我个人在这方面的体会，而我个人也是顺着“正道”走过来的。我的父母均是老师，我是广东化州人，我本科阶段学的是外语，研究生阶段学的是法律。我研究生毕业之后，专职从事律师职业之时已经是三十多岁。但是，这些都不重要。我本科阶段学的不是法律，因此没有人缘关系。你们本科阶段受过法学科班教育十分重要，因为里面存在一个关系网络。　

　　我任何关系都没有，而凭什么成为一名还算如鱼得水的律师呢？说实话，我打过的很多官司，包括胜诉的官司以及极具影响的官司，都没有通过“非正常”的沟通手段。当然，当事人有没有搞关系我不清楚。现在，我也形成了这么一种风格，即通过正常的途径实现胜诉的目的，但是，整个中国的现状正如我前述，不少案件是通过非正常手段来实行胜诉的目的的，而只有小部分是通过正常手段实现胜诉的。但是，我再次强调，我并不主张在座各位特别是年龄在三十岁以下的年青律师去顺应“国情”，原因我在前面已经讲过，一来没有人格，二来容易出事。　

　　三、通过正常的、合法的途径能否打赢官司——十余载律师职业生涯中，历经数十件大案要案成功辩护的切身感受　

　　在对我们国家律师赢取胜诉的手段与情况进行大体了解之后，接下来我们进入这次主题的重点，即如何通过正常、合法的途径实现胜诉的目的？对此，我之前已经予以肯定，而且，从我自身的体会出发，我认为，通过正常、合法的途径实现胜诉的目的也是可以实现。之前，我与陈孟军律师私底下对此问题进行过沟通，我们的感受是，律师这个工作与其他工作不同。同时，我们发现，在学校当中从事法学研究的学者有这么一个特点，就是喜欢用所处行业内的语言来表达自己的思想，而律师是一种说服性的工作，律师是用客户的语言、听众的语言来表达深奥的法理，而无论是表现为语言或者文字，均是如此。　

　　律师工作的目的是说服他人，不在于所说的理由是否充分，也不在于所说的内容是多还是少，关键在于，当你与法官交流的时候，是否能够敲击他的内心深处，让其采纳你的观点。而身处这个年代，作为律师，也需要“包装”。对此，我早在几年前就已定下一个方向，就是我要给法官留下这么一种印象——这个律师是有水平的；这个律师是有理由的话才说，没有理由的话不轻易说的；若不采纳这个律师有理由的观点，他可能会“死缠烂打”，甚至四处“告状”；同时，这个律师又是彬彬有礼的，而且社交广泛的。如果，你能够在法官面前树立这么一种形象，法官会尊重你，甚至会敬畏你。而无论法官是敬你还是怕你，此时他往往会考虑你的意见。　

　　对此，我颇有感触，因为我平时也有与法官打交道。曾经有一位法院的副院长，他在私人的场合曾经就一个案件问了我这么一个问题——这个案件是否真的是无罪的？对此，我想有必要对此事的背景作一交代。在我们国家，法官不是独立的，“真人不露相”，特别是重大的案件，往往是合议庭背后的审委会讨论决定的，而审委会又是以法院院长的意见为尊的。